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v f"; 'tliltiM .‘ {9:51 . ‘9 - 2 " Ill MN ‘3 . A? _ . .‘ a L' " 1‘ e" . .i3,H: 3.6iass:i;, __ Fill - Ii'at MI 5 Tirla' Em: This t'1i . ’53:; ig t' g any The DUTCH ELM _ . ~I gt' is? , Mtl r I IRlalii fr ' Fs A. 7 _ P, - RIN ' ap Disses}: , ."""1it?' -Pfria! _ I: :2: 'i-" F 2 ‘ c l ,- - i V Ka L. r 1 " . - 'GiigiMlMlllilr, "' I? . _ w - “‘ his" . I"? " 2 F _ “ " " W.»~m$-'5'5 . - " r"' Ir', E - - ' . ." "'..' ..1 big/f" ' A: ' 1 I : y This picture of the Elm tree that stands Sm wajesticaly will Snnn be past histnry. E The elm has been cansidered mhe hf “ntarin‘s prnminent beauty features er the landscape. { _ The familiar ve-Crier-likes farm nf unique beauty hf the principal Species. cf the three i species that accur in “ntarl ' the Ccmmnnest and largest is the hhite Elm, so, well known i by Its characteristic and graceful branching habit; it is faund thrnuhnut the province 1 except in the extreme hart}:° lts numbers have Each greatly reduced since the intrnductinn of the "Dutch him Disease”. It is alSn a tree of impressive raterf grnwth and size than mature. :pecimens with a trunk diameter nf fnur feet and a heighth hf rtt1(2 hundred i feet are not unenmmnn. This species and the lCSLcr native elms, the rack elm and the red (slippery) elm are alSn dying in alarming numbers, as a result nf infectinn by the ”Dutch blm Disease.” "The Dutch Lin Disease ll was first observed and identified in Belland and Northern France in 1919= at first it Was thnught that the trees were suffering from the effects of the war. The diSease became known as the “Dutch L1r,n Disease“ because uutch pathnlngists first studied it, and it has nn Cannectimn with a Dutch Elm because such a species dnes nnt exist. The diSease snnn spread over mast of' Europe although it has not been as devastating amnng Lurmpean species of elms as it was with the white elm on this crmtiroent. The disease was first discrwered nu this Cantinent in 1930 in nhim, having been accidentally t)r-ciec,iht, over an special elm burl lags imparted far Vaneer. It was noticed first in Canada in 1944 near barel, Quebec but had been here a few years befnre being dischered.w This, was undnubtedly a direct intrnductinn frnm Lurnpea passibly an pacting cases, It first appeared in r‘ntarim, in Prescott Gaunty near the guebec harder in 1946. hnMwV€r3 the rapid spread nf tie disease in Enuttern Antarin develnped frnm the west and shutl, as a result hf its entrance free the United States at hindSnr in 1950 and in the, Niagara Peninsula about the same time: The disease nnw accurs thrnughmut the natural range of the elm species in Canada, The diStaSe is caused by a fungus which gets intn the: sap stream and clogs the Watw? Conducting tubes, thus cutting nff the flaw hf sap and causing the leaves tnwilt, turn yellow then brawn, and finally to curl and shrivel, In Same trees the disaase spreads' rather slnwly thrnughnut the crown and a tree may take three OT fnUP years to die. hcwever it is not unusual tn see medium sich trees to die in a matter hf Weeks: The disease is alsm Spread frnn tree to tree by being carried an the bndies of insects which penetrate thrnugh the bark: TheSc C-jr'et, mainly the species nf hark beetles, orie I native ta this cnntinent and mne of burcpean Arigino le bark beetles are very smalla " apprircirrcate1y- Mien-tenth of an inch leng. The most important pmiiit in the spread of elm ”\ disease is that the beetles feed an the tender inner bark of healthy treeso The native elmg may net be quite innmel to c'rvrr1et,ii-: extinctinho in Cnmmunitiws wher' tree) values are high? the trees need hat die because the enst of an overall Cnhtfml prngram is here than justified: but there is still hm may of curing a tree ancc it has Contracted the diseasea The disease is fatal: There is hm Single injectinna mr any ether treatment Wlich will give a tree longeterm immunity against the disca e: Lang distance :prcaW cf Fungus is Fungus tranSpnrteu on mete? VthiClCS: _ 'tO Ttrmushcut the enuntrvside the Lima Will b6 gtedtly decimated by th0 diSGdSGg and o:isr-v,trl-crF' -rirrivrrprc: tn Tammy; unsightly and dangerous dead trees shnuld be vignrausiy r, i" erff‘VtF’d a interwatinn given by ii/i:":?' ten “and I "ryrur", "oy ;iilil ii<il 9t3r~i