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HOME and COUNTRY March and April, ‘1934 Lâ€"fw When u porson has a vote in FOOD FADS AND FALLACIES (Continued from page 5) In this particular field, as in. others, (In not accept without quet \n, o - consult the pci.on with something to sclli The food chcln tigatur in the field of nutrition who has years of technn 1 training. and is (\‘flb‘thllled tn weighing evidence, is the one whose judgment can best be depended upon. Articles of a (lK‘PCIILlflhlV nature are found in such magnzincs as that of the Home Economics Journal. the Journal of the American Dietetics Asmci. inn, and the Medical Journal. As a simple, workable plan for the homemaker who has the lllllllk‘tllllik‘ problem of “three nlc' s a day" on her hands, the fol- lou‘ing' dict plan embodies all the essentials for good nutrition and exp] in terms of actual foods much thnt might be ex- pl’t‘Sx‘d in more technical terms Daily Meal Plan for a Family of Adults and Children of Six Years and Over JINkiFrom a pint to a. quart daily in some form for children under eighteen y is. From ‘» 01 pint dai in some form for adults over eighteen l'igrmblm Two or lump Servings daily, one of which is pota» toes, and a green or yellow or raw vegembh, four or more times Weekly. Fruitâ€"Two or more servings daily, fresh, dried, or canned, Fresh fruit, or fresh or canned tomatoes, once daily, preferably. Cr‘i‘ialsaiincluding bread and porridge)â€" One~half or more in the form of whole cereal. JImr or Fi'xiiiEggPOne serving of each of the above. Il'flft â€"l‘-;> qts. or more liquid dailyi NILâ€"Cod Liver Oil is necessary for children and advisable for adults during the \\ tcr lnont . An average serving of vegetables, fruits, or care . is oneshalf cup. rSorvA ing's will be smaller for children under ten. ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Institutes Branch THRIFT SUGGESTIONS 1. Buy foods in bulk, not in cartons, and store in covered con- tainers. Four pour. . of potatoes may be used in place of one medium- sized loaf of bread. 3. Day old bread is better for children than fresh bread and costs less. 4. Cook vegetables as short a time as possible to preserve vita- mins and minemls, Use water in which vegetables are cooked in soups, gravies, stews and sauces. 6. To save fuel, cook two vegetables together or tie each in a sheet of canopar, a water proof paper, which may be dried and used many times; then cook in the same kettle of boiling water. 7. Tomatoes are fruit. Fresh or canned, they may replace oranges and are a much cheaper source of vitamins and minerals. 8. Eat some raw fruit or raw vegetable every day. ped raw cabbage with grated raw carrots. 9. In place of meat, use more cheese, fish or dried beans, peas or lentlns. Soak these 12 hours so that they will cook more quickly. Have a good vegetable garden to provide vegetables for table use and a surplus to can. Whole wheat may be washed, soaked and cooked to use as porridge, desxrt, or in making a hot. supper dish. . If the amount used by the family warrants it: and the food can'be used before it deteriorates, many pmducts, such as baking powder and cocoa, are much cheaper if bought by the pound rather than in smaller quantities. i Us? fienty of milk It is a cheap bone and muscle building 0 , Keep physically fit by taking an adequate diet, sufficient rest and relaxation lo vi Try chop- 10. 11‘ 14. A DESIGN FOR HOMEMAKING By Lita Bane _ To have an orderly house, but not so orderly that it ls prim; to have work proceed with a pleasant rhythm, but not; with factorylike precision; so to manage the family money that it is not a constant source of annoyâ€" ance and petty bickering, and so to distribute house- hold work that each family member has a share but not a burdensome share that interferes with other neces- sary acthlties; so to select and care for clothing, equip- ment and materials that there is little Waste and reason- able satisfaction; to select and cook appetizing meals that are nutritionally sound, and to serve these meals Simply but in good taste and in a pleasurable atmos phere; to maintain sanitary conditions throughout the house. to care for children and train them to be useful and happy, to create a place of rest rel ‘ j oyment for all the family. V axatmn and enâ€" ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SUMMARY OF HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1934 A copy of the 1934 Health Almanac has been sent to ench branch President and Secretary so that \vl! are merely (lrnwmg attention to some of the special features of outstanding interest and value to Institute members generally, with the cxpectahon that the branch officers will familiarize themselves with the con- tents of the Almanac and also place these features before the members in the most. effective way pussiblc, The Warning to Motorists is a timely one and the practical advice given regarding health protection» and toui'lst camps as well as the caution with reference to motor accidents and the safeguarding of pedestrian and motorist to minimize the toll of injuries and loss of life. Under the heading of Infections from food, and also food poisoning, much valuable information is given and clear, definite statements which point out sanitary control of foods as well as stating wherein some of the many dangers lie. We would direct attention to the same, sound advice regardâ€" ing mental health and the pressing need for personal mental hygiene, especially following; the long period of economic insc- curity. Tile article not only deals briefly with some of the causes of mental ill-health, but: clearly and forcefully points the way to health recovery through definite principles, coupled with helpful means of following these principles. Dental Services, Preventable Diseases, Maternal and Child Hygiene and Public Health Nursing are clearly outlined in vari- ous sections of the Almanac. Water supply, private and municipal, are not forgotten, while considerable attention is devoted to Clean Milk Production, Pasteur-nation, and other important features of milk supply. The Food Requirements of the Body with other matters bearing upon foods and accompanying charts makes this a valuable piece of literature which may well be studied carefully 'by every home- maker and group of women interested in. home and community welfare. Space has also been devoted to the school, the pre-school child and the school child, each phase being presented in a manner which cannot fail to carry to the reader the desired message and information, which if put into practice will enable her to make a definite and worthwhile contribution to a higher standard of na» tional Health. The Institutes could not do better than take these various health features as a basis for their monthly study of this all important subject. CIVICS 0R HOW WE ARE mailing intelligent and respon~ si e citizenship appreciating GOVERNED thereby how much the quality of From a Publication of the De- the government depends upon partment of Education the IHdeual. The function of government A Canadian to be a good citizen must know and under- stand the government under which he lives. Citizenship, like a profession. must be studied, and learned“ not. a passive obedience to law but an active and intelligent participation in government One must realize their civic re- sponsibilities and duties and have a knowledge of the means whereby these responsibilities and duties are discharged. There are three reasons why this intelligent understanding of government is essential, The first one, Historical Men, have always lived under government . of some kind. Second, A Prac tical Reason, based on the 1115' torical one, and the fact that our own lives are shaped from the form this government asâ€" sumes. Everything one does,â€" votc, taxes, banking, marriage, even buying a postage stamp, is controlled by govermnental regulations made for man’s guidance and protection. Then there is the personal reason for definitely understand- ing government, the fact that the people of Canada are self- governing. The Canadian citâ€" izen says, directly or through representation, what laws shall be made, who shall make them, what taxes shall be levied, and how the revenues shall be spent. Government in Canada is what the people make it. On. the good- ness or badness, wisdom or foolishness of the general body of Canadian citimns depends the goodness and wisdom of the government of Canada, or the reverse. The study of govern- is that it may be possible for men to live peacefully together in large groups. Civilization de- pends on the maintenance of law and order, and this is made pos- 16 by the government main- taining law and order, by estabâ€" lishing peace and order, and by making and enforcing laws which will guide and control the conduct of citizens. .Government also provides ser< vices of importance and benefit to _the whole body of citizens, which private individuals cannot so effectively render as building roads, establishing postal ser- vice, public schools and similar VlCeS. .Thus we should give construcâ€" tive thought and consideration to this subject of government and how it functions. Means are provxded, by certain branches of government, whereby we may know how to conduct ourselves in accord with the laws of peace and order. The legislature, the executive, the civil service and the courts. The legislature makes or enacts laws, behind which is expressed an idea or principle. The ex- ecutive enforces the law; the law is applied by the civil ser- vice and interpreted by the courts for the benefit of all peo- ple in the country. The intelligence of the goverrr ment depends on the general in- telligence of the voters; if the legislature and the government are to enact wise and proper laws, the people must not only vote, but must vote intelligently, ment is, for the purpose of pro- they must be informed on public problems. an election, it is necessur ho inform himself of thcyqfdgf‘ Lions at issue, make up his mini what is the wise course for ,h, government to follow, and vol: accordingly. Voters should my only vote. but should :invcstipgii,3 and decide for themselves and ii the best of thcir ability the q...,f Lions at issue in an election. Good government, wise law,» are the consequence of a“ “'1: tulligcnt electorate; resulting from informed, intelligent vol mg by the individual entitled 1., vote. In Canada, we are, for elm. vcnience, divided into Provin v or local government areas. in Ontario, local government in ,f, are cities, towns, villages, to ships, counties and distl-i Each of these is a local guviim. ment area. and the matters mm, which each has power to nulls. laws am carefully specified by the Provincial Government, and provides local services and Sr lg. to maintain local peace linil order. A town in Ontario is a (Hm- munity of from 2 to 15 thousnni people. The local governmenl or executive branch consists of the mayor and council, both elellci annually. Qualifications in quired are that voters must be British subjects, residents, 2] years of age or over, and mini own or rent property of a li‘l" tain value or receive a can llil amount of income. Candid: 1c. are nominated in writing by we citizens, and must be quali 'ed voters. If the Council is elei ml by words, a nomination meci ng is held in each ward, prim lo the election; if by general r la, then there is only one mm m- tion meeting- for the to 'n. Council (town) usually cons is of 6 or 12 membersâ€"depend lg on the number of wards and the sim of the population. If in town contributes toward in: support of the County in W] ill it is situated, it elects rel {‘5 who represent it in the Con ly Council, The civil service branch of town government consists I u- ally of a town clerk, a treasu *r, an assessor, a tax collector. lll auditor and a solicitor. Serv A: are performed either by a t w mittee of the Council, or Rn .el Committee, or by an indepenil Hi commission elected by the ,I r ple, as a Board of Educal in, The Court system consists n a Division Court and 8, Po o- Court. , A village and a townshil ||'| Ouch-lo have the same form of local government. A Vlll He may have from 750 to 2.0011 in- habitants, and is classed a.- an urban area. Counties are m vlé up of townships, towns, Vlll and cities may form a part township. A voter of village or tqwn ‘illl requires some qualifications ' town or city, but property (1‘) ‘ ‘ fications are lower. The lcg'l 13‘ tch body consists of 5 mcmb is of whom one is rceve; 1f 0“" 1,000 in. population, there ml" be a deputy reeve, usually ti!- councillors. Reeve and depull' reeve represent the village "f the County Council. The dutio of the Reeve, who is elected U“ nuall-y by general vote, are a lar to the mayor of a town only on a smaller scale. The elqcm' rate which controls the 16:15]“: tive body consists nit all persnm entitled to vote. Voters ln 01" tario elections must meet the following qualifications: They must lbs British swirled-“n 11 years of age or over, have 1‘8' sided in Ontario for a year in"; in the electoral district for ‘ months preceding the election- i:, a